A detailed simulation study of the two proposed methods is offered to evaluate their effectiveness. Initially, duty is held at 50, and Li-ion/Li-Po battery is pulse charged with varying frequencies (500Hz f n 2KHz). This compares with the many charging techniques in the literature that require time-consuming constrained optimization. There are two algorithms to track the best frequency and duty based on maximum charging factor. Second, the methods have low computational cost, thus suitable for embedded battery management systems (BMSs) with constrained computing capabilities. To further shorten the charging time, enhancing charging efficiency and extending battery charge cycle life, this paper presents a variable frequency pulse. First, the pulse-modulated charging will offer an effective means to defend the battery against the charging-induced harm to health without much compromise of the charging speed. The proposed methods promise a two-fold benefit. We then propose to resolve it using the linear control theory and obtain two charging methods, which regulate the magnitude and width, respectively, of the current pulses applied during the charging process. Toward this end, we use an equivalent circuit model and then formulate the problem of optimal pulse charging with an awareness of both battery health and charging speed. Aiming to improve the constant pulse charging in wide use today, we propose for the first time to modulate the current pulses during the charging process to reconcile health protection with charging pace.

This paper focuses on the development of optimized pulse charging strategies for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries.

Battery pulse charging frequency